E-Invoicing in Oman 2026: Timeline, Requirements, Format & Process

Oman E-Invoicing: Complete Requirements and Compliance Guide

Oman's Fawtara e-invoicing mandate requires all VAT-registered businesses to issue and exchange structured digital invoices starting August 2026. Built on the Peppol five-corner model, the system follows the OTA's formal recognition as a Peppol Authority in January 2026 and the publication of the PINT OM specification in April 2026. This guide covers compliance scope, implementation timeline, technical requirements, archiving rules, exemptions, and preparation steps. 

Key Takeaways

• The Fawtara rollout begins with Phase 1 in August 2026 for 100 large taxpayers, followed by Phase 2 in February 2027 for all large VAT-registered businesses, and Phase 3 in August 2027 for all remaining VAT-registered businesses including SMEs, with no permanent exemptions.
• The OTA has confirmed XML (UBL 2.1) per the PINT OM specification and PDF/A-3 as the only valid e-invoice formats under Fawtara. JSON has not been officially confirmed and should not be used.
• QR Code is mandatory for B2C invoices under Fawtara, while Digital Signature and Invoice Hash requirements remain pending official OTA confirmation.
• Archiving is a legal obligation under Article 70 of the VAT Law, requiring 10 years of retention split as 5 years in-system and 5 years in electronic archive, with real estate invoices requiring 15 years.

• Exempt supplies currently fall outside the Fawtara mandate under OTA guidance, while zero-rated taxable supplies remain in scope and must be issued electronically.

  What Is E-Invoicing (Fawtara) in Oman?

E-invoicing in Oman, referred to as the Fawtara Programme, is a mandatory digital invoicing initiative introduced by the Oman Tax Authority (OTA) to modernise how businesses issue and record taxable transactions. Under Fawtara, all VAT-registered businesses must generate invoices through approved software and transmit them in a structured electronic format, replacing paper and PDF invoices entirely.

On 7 January 2026, the OTA received formal recognition as a Peppol Authority, establishing the Peppol network as the technical foundation of Fawtara and making Oman the third GCC country to adopt this framework for mandatory e-invoicing, following Saudi Arabia and the UAE. 

Building on this framework, all e-invoices must be generated through accounting or ERP software and transmitted in XML (UBL 2.1) or PDF/A-3 format, aligned with the PINT OM specification published by the OTA in April 2026. The overall objective of the Fawtara system is to strengthen VAT compliance, reduce invoice fraud, and give the OTA accurate, real-time visibility into business transactions across the country.

Formal e-invoicing regulation is expected to be released before the rollout begins, giving the regime more certainty than earlier planning stages, though not every legal detail has been codified in publicly available legislation yet.

Is E-Invoicing Mandatory in Oman?

Yes, e-invoicing is mandatory in Oman, implemented through a phased rollout rather than a single go-live date. Large VAT-registered companies move first, followed by all remaining VAT-registered taxpayers, and government institutions and entities are scheduled for a later phase. Businesses outside the current phase may continue voluntary early adoption if the required technical support is in place.  

Oman E-Invoicing Implementation Timeline

Oman's phased e-invoicing rollout begins in August 2026 with the largest taxpayers and extends to all VAT-registered businesses by August 2027: 

Phase	Timeline	Applicability
Phase 1	August 2026	Top 100 large taxpayers (Pilot phase)
Phase 2	February 2027	All large VAT-registered taxpayers
Phase 3	August 2027	All remaining VAT-registered taxpayers, including SMEs
Phase 4	To be announced by OTA	Government institutions and public sector entities (B2G)

Scope of E-Invoicing in Oman

The Fawtara e-invoicing mandate applies to all VAT-registered businesses in Oman that issue taxable invoices for the supply of goods or services.

Who Must Comply With Oman E-Invoicing Rules?

• The mandate applies to VAT-registered taxpayers, brought in through the phased waves listed above. Companies within the same VAT group follow the rollout phase that applies to their own entity. A non-VAT-registered seller stays outside the Fawtara network completely and cannot issue a valid VAT invoice simply because a customer asks for one.
• A VAT-registered business that has not yet reached its rollout phase can keep using its current invoicing method for now. This is a temporary allowance under the phased rollout, not a permanent exemption from the mandate.

Who Is Currently Excluded:

Businesses that fall below the VAT registration threshold and are not required to issue VAT invoices remain the only group the OTA currently places outside the active mandate scope. 

What Is B2C E-Invoicing in Oman?

OTA guidance indicates that B2C invoices must be submitted to the tax authority within 24 hours of issuance, following the same rollout timing as B2B and B2G transactions rather than a separate, undefined stage. Where the buyer is not VAT-registered and has no accredited service provider, the seller still submits the invoice through its own provider, while the buyer receives a separate human-readable output such as a receipt or PDF.

The OTA has also clarified how QR-code treatment applies specifically to B2C invoices. The taxpayer generates the QR code, and it appears on the human-readable invoice rather than inside the structured XML file. This code is mandatory for every B2C transaction, full or simplified, and is designed to support future authenticity checks through an OTA mobile application.  

Oman E-Invoicing Technical and Legal Requirements

The OTA's published materials point toward a combined legal, operational and technical compliance model. Invoices must be generated electronically through an approved solution, exchanged through the Fawtara operating model, and reported to the OTA according to the applicable workflow.

The confirmed technical direction is Peppol-aligned UBL/XML, paired with a separate Oman Tax Data Document used for tax reporting. Businesses should generate invoices directly from a compliant solution rather than creating manual invoices and uploading them afterward, and systems should support Arabic and English, structured XML generation, API-based exchange, validation controls and compliant archiving.

Archiving responsibility sits with the taxpayer, in line with existing VAT legislation. Oman VAT Law generally requires tax invoices and related records to be retained for 10 years, with a longer 15-year period applying to real-estate-related records.

Service-provider accreditation criteria include mainland Oman commercial registration, minimum paid-up capital of OMR 6,000, operational experience, tax-debt review, and technical controls such as multi-factor authentication, encryption, monitoring and ISO/IEC 27001 certification. Foreign or GCC-based providers may participate, though local presence in Oman remains required.  

Oman E-Invoicing Requirements

Businesses in Oman must meet the following e-invoicing requirements set by the Oman Tax Authority:

• Tax invoices must be issued in a structured electronic format that the OTA has approved, covering all VAT-registered businesses without exception.
• Every invoice must be generated through a digital system and sent via an OTA-accredited service provider or a qualifying in-house ERP solution.
• Each e-invoice must carry mandatory data: buyer and seller details, VATIN, invoice number, date, line items, VAT rate, VAT amount, and total amount payable.
• B2B e-invoices must be submitted in real time through the Fawtara network.
• B2C e-invoices may be submitted within a 24-hour window, as confirmed by the OTA.
• All e-invoices must be retained in digital storage for a minimum of 10 years for audit and verification purposes.

• Credit notes and debit notes must also be issued electronically through an OTA-accredited provider.

  E-Invoicing Process in Oman: The Five-Corner Model Explained

Oman's e-invoicing process is structured around the five-corner Peppol model, where invoices are exchanged in real time between the supplier, the buyer, and the Oman Tax Authority through a network of accredited service providers. The model is decentralised, meaning no single government portal processes all transactions. For B2C transactions where the buyer is not connected to Fawtara, the seller's ASP handles Corner 5 reporting only and may provide a human-readable invoice copy to the buyer outside the network.

The table below outlines the role of each corner in the Fawtara e-invoicing exchange: 

Corner	Party	Role
Corner 1	Supplier (Seller)	Generates the e-invoice in structured XML/UBL format per the PINT OM specification from the ERP or billing system
Corner 2	Supplier's Accredited Service Provider (ASP)	Receives the invoice, validates it against OTA technical and tax rules, and transmits it through the Peppol network
Corner 3	Buyer's ASP	Receives the validated invoice from Corner 2 and delivers it to the buyer
Corner 4	Buyer	Receives the structured e-invoice from the ASP for automated processing
Corner 5	Oman Tax Authority (OTA)	Simultaneously receives the Tax Data Document (TDD) for real-time compliance and audit reporting

Here is how the e-invoicing workflow operates at each step:

1. Invoice generation: The supplier creates a structured XML invoice in PINT OM format from the ERP or billing software at the point of supply.
2. Submission to Corner 2: The invoice is sent via API to the OTA-accredited service provider, which performs multi-layer validation covering structural (XSD) rules, business rules, and OTA code list compliance.
3. Network exchange at Corner 3: The validated invoice is passed to the buyer's accredited service provider through the Peppol network for onward delivery.
4. Buyer receipt at Corner 4: The buyer receives the machine-readable, validated invoice for automated processing into the accounting system.
5. OTA reporting at Corner 5: The supplier's ASP simultaneously submits the Tax Data Document (TDD) to the OTA's Fawtara platform for real-time tax reporting.
6. Acknowledgement: Both the supplier and the buyer receive a delivery confirmation once the full exchange is complete.

Fawtara E-Invoicing Model, Format, and Technical Specifications

• Model: Oman's e-invoicing framework operates on a five-corner model, where invoices move through OTA-accredited service providers under the supervision of the Oman Tax Authority. This decentralised approach keeps validation distributed across the network rather than routed through a single central government portal.
• Structure: E-invoices must be in XML (UBL 2.1) or PDF/A-3 format, aligned with the Peppol International (PINT) Oman specification published by the OTA through OpenPeppol in April 2026. The PINT OM standard sets out Oman-specific data structures, validation rules, and exchange processes while remaining interoperable with the global Peppol network.
• Content: Each e-invoice must include mandatory data covering buyer and seller details, VATINs, line items, VAT rate and amount, and timestamps, all structured within a standardised schema for automatic validation.
• Security: Invoices are validated through the Peppol network's structured exchange model and must carry unique identifiers (UUIDs) and conform to Schematron validation rules. QR Code is mandatory for B2C invoices, per the OTA's official FAQ, while Digital Signature and Invoice Hash status remains pending confirmation.

E-Invoice Archiving in Oman

Invoice archiving is a mandatory requirement under Oman's Fawtara e-invoicing system for all taxable businesses. Under Royal Decree No. 121/2020 (Article 70), taxable persons must retain tax invoices, accounting records, and customs documents for 10 years from the end of the tax year in which the relevant VAT return was filed. Invoices related to real estate transactions must be retained for an extended period of 15 years. To support these legal requirements, the Oman Tax Authority (OTA) has introduced a structured two-phase archiving model under Fawtara. 

The Fawtara Archiving Structure: 5+5 Years

The OTA has structured the mandatory 10-year invoice retention period into two archiving phases: 

Phase	Storage Location	Duration
Phase 1	In-system storage within the Fawtara platform or the ASP's OTA-certified environment	5 years
Phase 2	Electronic archive maintained by the business or an accredited storage provider	5 years
Total		10 years

What Format Must Archived Invoices Be In?

Archived invoices must be held in structured, machine-readable formats that maintain the integrity and authenticity of the original data across the full retention period. XML and PDF/A-3 are the formats the OTA recognises as valid for long-term archiving under the Fawtara framework. PDF/A-3 is an ISO-standardised format that holds structured XML data inside the PDF, so the document remains both human-readable and machine-processable throughout the retention period.

Archived invoices must satisfy the following three conditions throughout the entire retention period:

• Authenticity of origin: The invoice must remain traceable to the issuing party for the full retention period.
• Integrity of content: The invoice data must be unchanged from the point of issuance through to the end of the retention period.
• Legibility: The invoice must remain human-readable throughout the entire archiving obligation.

What Archiving Means for Business Systems

For businesses preparing for Phase 1 or Phase 2 compliance, archiving decisions touch system design, data ownership, and long-term record integrity, not simply where files are stored after go-live. The following are the key considerations for any business building its archiving approach:

1. ASP archiving capability: Verify that the OTA-accredited service provider covers managed in-system storage for the first five years and confirm what the handover process looks like for the second five-year electronic archive period.
2. ERP integration: Archived invoice records must stay linked to the corresponding accounting entries in the ERP for VAT audit purposes. Invoices stored in isolation from their source transactions create reconciliation risk.
3. Access controls and tamper-evidence: ISO/IEC 27001-aligned security controls are the recommended standard for protecting archived data and demonstrating record integrity to auditors.
4. VAT group archiving: Businesses operating under a VAT group must apply archiving obligations across every entity in the group, all under the single VATIN and the single designated ASP.

Fawtara E-Invoicing Exemptions and Special Cases

Oman's e-invoicing mandate carries no permanent exemptions based on industry sector or business size. All VAT-registered businesses are expected to comply with Fawtara requirements once their designated phase begins. Current OTA guidance addresses the following specific situations and transaction types under the Fawtara mandate: 

• Small Businesses: No turnover threshold for exemption has been announced by the OTA. Any business registered for VAT in Oman must join Fawtara by Phase 3, which begins in August 2027.
• Non-VAT-registered businesses: Companies that fall below the VAT registration threshold have no obligation to connect to the Fawtara network.
• B2C Transactions: For consumer-facing transactions, the OTA permits a 24-hour submission window rather than the real-time requirement that applies to B2B invoices.
• Exempt Supplies: OTA guidance indicates that issuing e-invoices is not currently mandatory for out-of-scope supplies, though the OTA has noted this position may be clarified further as legislation is finalised. Businesses operating primarily in exempt supply categories, such as certain financial services or residential leasing, should monitor OTA announcements for any future change.
• Zero-Rated Supplies: Zero-rated taxable supplies remain within the VAT framework and are subject to the e-invoicing mandate. Invoices for zero-rated supplies must be issued electronically once a business enters its mandatory rollout phase.
• Self-Billing: Under the PINT OM framework, the buyer issues the invoice on behalf of the supplier in line with PINT OM Self-Billing specifications, which is particularly relevant for the import of services under reverse charge.
• Non-Resident Suppliers: Foreign suppliers without an Oman VAT registration are outside the Fawtara mandate. The Omani buyer self-accounts for VAT through reverse charge, and no Fawtara e-invoice is required from the non-resident supplier.

What Is B2C E-Invoicing in Oman?

OTA guidance indicates that B2C invoices must be submitted to the tax authority within 24 hours of issuance, following the same rollout timing as B2B and B2G transactions rather than a separate, undefined stage. Where the buyer is not VAT-registered and has no accredited service provider, the seller still submits the invoice through its own provider, while the buyer receives a separate human-readable output such as a receipt or PDF.

The OTA has also clarified how QR-code treatment applies specifically to B2C invoices. The taxpayer generates the QR code, and it appears on the human-readable invoice rather than inside the structured XML file. This code is mandatory for every B2C transaction, full or simplified, and is designed to support future authenticity checks through an OTA mobile application.

Oman E-Invoicing Technical and Legal Requirements

The OTA's published materials point toward a combined legal, operational and technical compliance model. Invoices must be generated electronically through an approved solution, exchanged through the Fawtara operating model, and reported to the OTA according to the applicable workflow.

The confirmed technical direction is Peppol-aligned UBL/XML, paired with a separate Oman Tax Data Document used for tax reporting. Businesses should generate invoices directly from a compliant solution rather than creating manual invoices and uploading them afterward, and systems should support Arabic and English, structured XML generation, API-based exchange, validation controls and compliant archiving.

Archiving responsibility sits with the taxpayer, in line with existing VAT legislation. Oman VAT Law generally requires tax invoices and related records to be retained for 10 years, with a longer 15-year period applying to real-estate-related records.

Service-provider accreditation criteria include mainland Oman commercial registration, minimum paid-up capital of OMR 6,000, operational experience, tax-debt review, and technical controls such as multi-factor authentication, encryption, monitoring and ISO/IEC 27001 certification. Foreign or GCC-based providers may participate, though local presence in Oman remains required.

Draft Peppol/PINT Oman Technical Signals for Solution Design

The table below outlines the key technical planning signals for solution design:

Technical Area	Planning Signal
Core artefacts	PINT OM Billing, PINT OM Self-Billing and a separate Oman Tax Data Document
Exchange syntax	UBL-based XML with Peppol-style identifiers and endpoint addressing
Validation	Schematron and business-rule validation, including reconciliation of monetary totals
Centralised SMP	Accredited providers are expected to use the OTA SMP rather than an independent SMP
Special scenarios	Transaction classification, special zones, reverse-charge and import logic, export flows, profit-margin treatment and credit-note flows need mapping against Oman-specific code lists

How to Generate E-Invoices in Oman

Generating compliant e-invoices in Oman involves considerably more than redesigning an invoice PDF template. The expected workflow follows the five-corner model: the seller creates the invoice within an ERP or billing system capable of producing structured data, the invoice passes to an accredited service provider for validation and exchange, and the relevant tax data transmits to the OTA.

For export flows where the foreign buyer sits outside the network, the process is expected to operate through a reduced C1-C2-C5 reporting path. Businesses should also prepare document identifiers, transaction classification codes, buyer and supplier details, VAT registration data, line-level pricing and quantities, and reference data covering credit notes, self-billing, imports, exports, special zones and profit-margin transactions.

Oman E-Invoicing Implementation Checklist

Businesses should treat Oman e-invoicing as a cross-functional transformation rather than a single IT initiative. The first step involves mapping every relevant transaction scenario, including B2B, B2C, exports, imports, reverse charge, credit notes and self-billing, so each links to the correct future invoice process.

Master data also needs early review across the organisation, including VAT identification numbers, addresses and contact information, alongside an assessment of whether existing ERP, billing and point-of-sale systems can generate structured XML invoices and support API-based exchange. Clear controls for validation failures and rejected invoices, plus internal training across finance, tax, IT and sales teams, should be in place before go-live.

Benefits of E-Invoicing for Businesses in Oman

• Reduced operating costs: Removing paper invoice production, physical distribution, manual storage, and data re-entry from the invoicing process reduces costs across the finance function in a measurable and direct way.
• Improved data accuracy: XML invoices are validated at the point of submission, so mismatches between purchase orders, invoices, and VAT returns are caught before they compound into return errors or audit findings.
• Simplified tax compliance: Invoice data is reported to the OTA in real time, keeping a business's VAT position continuously reconciled rather than assembled from records at the end of a return period. This reduces the risk of discrepancies, penalty notices, and late filings.
• Faster invoice processing and payment cycles: Digital invoice exchange between trading partners shortens the time between invoice issuance and buyer receipt, accelerating AP/AR settlement and improving cash flow visibility for finance teams.
• Secure, auditable archiving: Every e-invoice is stored in a structured, tamper-evident format for a minimum of 10 years, making audit records complete, searchable, and available on demand without manual preparation.
• ERP and system integration: The PINT OM standard is built for system-to-system connectivity, allowing existing ERP or billing platforms to connect with an OTA-accredited ASP through a well-defined API without rebuilding core invoicing processes.

How Should Omani Businesses Prepare for E-Invoicing?

Businesses that wait until their rollout phase is announced will not have sufficient time to complete a clean implementation. The steps below reflect OTA guidance and the preparation work that Phase 1 businesses have already had to complete:

1. Review Current Systems: Determine whether the ERP or billing system can produce UBL 2.1 XML output that meets the PINT OM data model and Schematron validation rules. The PINT OM specification is the starting technical reference for any internal gap assessment.
2. Stay Updated with OTA: The OTA publishes rollout phase assignments, accredited provider lists, and technical updates at taxoman.gov.om. Monitoring these regularly keeps preparation aligned with the latest requirements.
3. Choose a Certified Provider: The chosen OTA-accredited service provider should support PINT OM-compliant invoice generation, Peppol network transmission, and long-term archiving within one integrated platform.
4. Train Staff and Update Processes: Finance and IT teams must be trained on the new invoicing workflow before go-live, covering how to handle corrections, credit notes, and downtime scenarios. Internal procedures must be documented and tested before the phase begins.
5. Verify Data Accuracy: VATIN mismatches, incorrect contact details, and wrong VAT rates are among the most common causes of invoice rejection in the Fawtara system. Running a data audit before connecting to Fawtara reduces rejection risk significantly.
6. Plan Secure Archiving: This is a legal obligation from the first day of compliance. Confirming that the provider's in-system storage covers the first five years and documenting a plan for the second five-year electronic archive period before go-live is essential.
7. Consult Advisors: Guidance from qualified tax and legal advisors on specific compliance obligations, applicable exemptions, and potential penalties confirms full readiness before the phase start date.

Penalties for Non-Compliance With Oman E-Invoicing

OTA guidance confirms that penalties will apply under the applicable regulations for non-compliance, though currently published materials do not provide a detailed penalty matrix or a confirmed grace-period rule for every scenario. Businesses should not wait for a finalised fine schedule before starting readiness work, since non-compliance can create validation failures, counterparty disputes and delayed payment acceptance even before a formal penalty applies.

How Flick Network Supports Fawtara E-Invoicing Compliance in Oman

Flick Network is an OTA Pre-Approved ASP in Oman, with an e-invoicing solution built to meet the data, format, and transmission requirements of Oman's Fawtara e-invoicing framework. The following capabilities show how Flick Network's e-Invoicing Solution supports Fawtara compliance for businesses of all sizes:

• ERP and System Integration: Flick Network connects to existing invoicing, billing, ERP, or POS systems with minimal disruption to current operational workflows.
• Automated Data Validation: Invoice data is checked against OTA technical and compliance rules before submission to the Fawtara network, reducing rejection risk at every stage of transmission.
• Secure, Compliant Archiving: E-invoices are stored in OTA-compliant formats across both the in-system and electronic archive phases, covering the full 10-year statutory retention period.
• PINT OM Compliance: All invoices are generated in XML (UBL 2.1) and PDF/A-3 formats fully aligned with the April 2026 PINT OM specification.
• Implementation Support: The Flick Network team works with finance and IT teams through integration, testing, and go-live to keep implementation on schedule.

Oman E-Invoicing: Important Government Resources

Resource	Description
Fawtara E-Invoicing Program - Official OTA Page	Primary OTA page covering the Fawtara program: objectives, five-corner model, targeted groups, implementation phases, and system benefits
E-Invoicing FAQs - Official OTA	Official Q&As covering scope, phases, invoice formats, archiving, VAT groups, B2C handling, and service provider roles
Service Provider Criteria - Official OTA	Accreditation requirements and criteria for companies seeking to become OTA-approved Accredited Service Providers (ASPs) under Fawtara
Service Provider FAQ - Official OTA	Technical and operational FAQs specifically for ASPs and businesses evaluating service provider options
OTA Rollout Phase Checker	Enter the VATIN (OM prefix) to confirm which rollout phase the business falls under, launched by OTA in May 2026
Royal Decree No. 121/2020 - VAT Law	Official VAT Law establishing the legal framework for VAT and invoicing requirements in Oman
Ministerial Decision 456/2022 - VAT Executive Regulations	Amended VAT Executive Regulations containing the first official definition of electronic tax invoices and mandatory e-invoicing provisions, effective October 17, 2022
PINT OM Specification - OpenPeppol (Draft)	Draft PINT Oman specifications covering PINT OM Billing, PINT OM Self-Billing, and the Oman Tax Data Document (TDD): the definitive technical reference for ERP teams, ASPs, and system integrators
Oman Government - Tax Authority Page	Official government portal with all Tax Authority guidelines, brochures, laws, regulations, decisions, and official news about the Fawtara e-invoicing program
Tax Authority Portal - English	Taxpayer portal to access services, submit returns, access manual guides, and download resources related to tax compliance and e-invoicing
Fawtara E-Invoicing Program Official Announcements	Central announcements page for all Fawtara e-invoicing program updates, timelines, milestones, and official communications from OTA
Tax Authority Contact - E-Invoicing Inquiries	Official email (fawtara@taxoman.gov.om) and helpline (1020) for e-invoicing registration, queries, and support from the Tax Authority

Conclusion

Fawtara goes live from August 2026, giving every VAT-registered business in Oman a confirmed compliance deadline based on taxpayer category. Businesses that begin preparation early will have sufficient time to assess current systems, select an OTA-accredited service provider, and complete PINT OM technical alignment without disruption. For implementation support and compliance guidance, contact the Flick Network team at sales@flick.network. 

FAQs

1. What is an e-invoice used for in Oman?

An e-invoice in Oman is a structured digital document used by VAT-registered businesses to issue and exchange tax invoices electronically under the Fawtara programme, replacing paper and PDF invoices entirely.

2. What is the e-invoicing process in Oman?

The supplier generates a structured XML invoice in PINT OM format, submits it to the OTA-accredited service provider for validation, and the provider delivers it to the buyer through the Peppol network while simultaneously reporting to the OTA.

3. How do businesses make an e-invoice in Oman?

The ERP or billing system must generate XML (UBL 2.1) output conforming to the PINT OM specification, and the business must connect to an OTA-accredited service provider that handles validation and network transmission.

4. Who is required to comply with e-invoicing in Oman?

All VAT-registered businesses in Oman are required to comply with the Fawtara e-invoicing mandate based on their designated rollout phase. Phase 1 covers 100 large taxpayers from August 2026, Phase 2 covers all remaining large taxpayers from February 2027, and Phase 3 covers all remaining VAT-registered businesses including SMEs from August 2027.